The Ultimate List of Tutorials, Patterns, Videos, Facebook pages and Discussion Forums for making Face Masks and PPE (Scrub caps and Scrubs) to prevent getting Corona virus/Covid-19*
*Disclaimer: I make no medical claims about the effectiveness of the items mentioned in this post. Use at your own discretion.
Please note: Face masks are not recommended for those under 3 years of age (they wouldn’t keep them on anyway! 😛 )
Brief History and Timeline of Face Masks (Surgical Masks)
- 1880s: Cloth face masks and PPE came into use in hospitals
- 1897: The first recorded use of a cloth face mask by French surgeon Paul Berger during an operation in Paris, France
- 1918-19: The custom of face mask-wearing began in China and Japan during the massive Spanish Flu (influenza) pandemic
- 1920: During the Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan the sky became filled with smoke and ash and face masks became a common accessory
- 1950s: During Japan’s rapid post-World War II industrialization, rampant air pollution and pollen from the Japanese cedar caused the seasonal mask-wearing habit to become a year-round habit
- 1960s: Modern disposable surgical masks came into use
- 2002-2004: During the SARS epidemic, face mask wearing became commonplace in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea
- 16 March 2020: Vietnam makes face masks compulsory for people to wear in public
- 18 March 2020: Czech Republic becomes the first country to make mask wearing mandatory during the Covid-19 pandemic, by Prime Minister Andrej Babis
- x March 2020: Bosnia-Herzegovina makes mask-wearing compulsory
- 22 March 2020: Uzbekistan Officials said that citizens must wear masks in public in major cities
- 22 March 2020: Venezuela: It is mandatory to use a face mask in all public spaces
- 25 March 2020: Slovakia makes mask-wearing compulsory
- 31 March 2020: Jena becomes the first German city to make wearing a face mask mandatory
- 3 April 2020: President Trump/CDC recommends everyone use Face Masks in public
- 4 April 2020: Colombia makes face mask wearing compulsory on public transport, in shops, for those over 70 and those with respiratory and related health problems, or are immuno-compromised, pregnant, etc
- 4 April 2020: Face masks are to be worn outside the home at all times in the UAE
- 5 April 2020: Lombardy, Italy introduces a law obliging citizens to wear a face mask in public
- 6 April 2020: Austria makes mask-wearing compulsory in supermarkets and other stores
- 6 April 2020: Cuba has the authority to hand out jail sentences if you’re not wearing a mask
- 7 April 2020: Morocco: Residents without face masks in public risk jail time
- 7 April 2020: Turkey orders all citizens to wear masks when shopping or visiting crowded public places and announced that it will deliver masks to every family, free of charge
- 11 May 2020: France: Facemasks are compulsory on public transport and in secondary schools
Sources: Wikipedia: Surgical Mask, Wikipedia:Cloth Face Mask, Uncovering the History of Operating Room Attire through Photographs, A quick history of why Asians wear surgical masks in public, Face masks and coronavirus: how culture affects your decision to wear one, Xinhua Headlines: Europe, U.S. slowly adopting mask-wearing against COVID-19, Coronavirus: Why some countries wear face masks and others don’t
General Information about Face Masks
(this list by no means exhaustive)
- Choice magazine (Australia): Coronavirus COVID-19: do face masks really protect us?
- CNN/Dr. Sanjay Gupta (Podcast): New Guidance on Face Masks
- Medium/Sui Huang: Covid-19: Why we should all wear masks – There is new scientific rationale
- Nebraska Medicine: Surgical Face Mask and N95 Face Mask wearing protocols
- Paper about the effectiveness of face masks (with huge list of cited works)
- Washington Post (USA): Answers to your DIY face mask questions, including what material you should use
A bit about my history with face masks
For those who don’t know, my family come from Taiwan. Taiwan‘s attempts at fighting Covid-19 are highly commendable. Not only are they located very close to China, they are a nation with a population approximately the same size as Australia, yet all living on a tiny island half the size of Tasmania! With people living in such proximity to each other don’t you think diseases would spread rather easily? Think about that for a second.
Taiwan’s Covid-19 statistics and graphs from Worldometers
Australia’s Covid-19 statistics and graphs from Worldometers
At the time of me writing this blogpost (9 April, 2020), they have had only 380 cases and 5 deaths, meanwhile Australia has 6104 cases and 51 deaths. No other country can claim to have beaten the virus like Taiwan has. And yet, nobody, especially none of the powerful Western countries listened to them. Why? Because they have no part in the World Health Organisation (WHO). China blocked their access, due to political tensions between the two countries. They have been fighting and screaming to get in but nobody would let them in. So all their experience in dealing with both SARS and now Covid-19 are not being taken into account. So while everyone looks up to WHO as the all knowing God or Bible for all of this, everyone has ignored little Taiwan,
Meanwhile, for about a month now, the Western countries have been saying that face masks are unnecessary and have wasted time debating back and forth. Now, finally, they have realised that the north-east Asian countries (notably China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan) were onto something and concluded that yes, they are helpful in preventing viruses and respiratory illnesses. Given that north-east Asian countries’ people have been wearing face masks for 100 years now, don’t you think they have far more knowledge and experience in this area than other countries who’ve never worn them (apart from hospital/medical staff)?
Materials
Suitable Fabrics for making Face Masks
Please use new, clean and pre-washed fabrics only.
- Tightly woven / high thread count 100% woven cotton (not knitted):
- Cotton Poplin
- Quilting Cotton / Fat Quarters
- T-shirts
- Bedsheets
- Pillowcases
- Halyard H600 / SMMS fabric / Sterilization wrap (blue) (discussion)
- Blue shop towels (from auto stores) (article)
Suitable Materials for making Face Mask Ear Loops
- 3-6mm braided elastic
- 3-4mm rope elastic (AKA bungee cord)
- or make bias binding ties to tie the face mask around the back of the head (suitable for medical staff who need to wear the masks for many hours a day)
Suitable Materials for Face Mask metal Nose Pieces
- PVC-coated florists/gardening wire
- Jewellery wire (of a suitable gauge)
- Bread bag closures
Suitable Fabrics for making Face Mask Filters
*Disclaimer: I make no medical claims about the effectiveness of these items. Use at your own discretion.
Jennifer Maker has a great post here and Smart Air Filters have done some great research, with charts here
- Coffee filters
- Disposable Pleated Face Masks inserted inside
- Anything made of non-woven polypropylene (NWPP) including (new/clean) grocery shopping bags
Not suitable:
- Vacuum cleaner bags/HEPA filters (since they contain fibreglass which is not safe to be breathed in)
- Baby wipes (due to chemicals/fragrances)
Usage Guidelines
How to wear a face mask (Videos)
- Expert Explains How To Properly Wear A Face Mask | TIME
- Comment Mettre Un Masque Chirurgical
- Comment bien ajuster son masque de protection respiratoire ?
Washing Instructions
Wash in warm soapy water. Do not boil or microwave. Air dry. For extra sanitization, iron or steam afterwards. (NB: If the metal nose piece and/or filter is not removable, do not heat in any way. It may burn or melt).
or
Disinfect in a rice cooker (which reaches 165°C and kills 99% of germs) recommends the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration: (Article and Video)
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Websites
Facebook Pages
- 2Sew (Australia)
- Hong Kong Masks Australia (Australia)
- Hongkonger in Deutschland (Germany)
- Masks for Mates (Australia)
Websites/Videos with Tutorials and Patterns for making Face Masks
- AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation / French national organization for standardization) Group (face mask tutorial (in English, French, Spanish, German Russian and Chinese) and pattern: AFNOR Spec – Barrier masks s76-001, duck bill face mask with darts, pleated face mask)
- Aussie Face mask Project (pleated face mask pattern with ties and filters)
- Butchers Sew Shop (pleated face mask with elastics, with video)
- Button Counter (pleated face mask with elastics)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2 patterns of no sew face masks: using a t-shirt or bandanna)
- Centre Hospitalier Saint-Brieuc (French/en français – vertical seam face mask tutorial and pattern/patron using Craft Passion design)
- CNews France (French/en français – 5 Tutos: du Professeur Daniel Garin, Tissu Plié, du Docteur Wendling, AFNOR, du CHU De Grenoble)
- Craft Passion (vertical seam face mask pattern in 4 sizes, including Cricut SVG files – probably the oldest face mask pattern online, from 2013)
- Create to Donate (various patterns: face mask with elastic, face mask with ties, face mask with filter pocket)
- Deaconess (pleated face mask pattern with elastic or ties, with video)
- Erica Arndt (video: pleated face mask with elastic, instructions and pattern)
- The Health Ministry of Cuba (video tutorial in Spanish/en español for pleated face mask with ties)
- Headcovers.com (video: bandana face mask and vertical seam face mask with adjustable ear elastics)
- HK Mask by Dr. K. Kwong (vertical seam face mask tutorial, pattern and video in 5 sizes, with pocket for filters)
- Instructables – ashevillejm (DIY cloth face mask with elastics, vertical seam face mask pattern in 3 sizes)
- Instructables – jessica.nandino (nurse-created A.B. pleated face mask (N95 cover) with ties)
- Lian Lian Made (video: origami box face mask with ties, in 2 sizes)
- Japanese Creations (no sew DIY face mask with a handkerchief and hair elastics)
- Jennifer Maker (pleated face mask with filter pocket tutorial and Cricut SVG pattern and video, filter mask materials info)
- Jess Dang (video: face mask from a t-shirt)
- Keiko Olsson (video: origami box face mask with ties, in 2 sizes)
- Kim’s Kitchen Affair (video: DIY Reusable Pleated Face Mask in 5 Minutes (with Nose Bridge and Filter Pockets))
- Kinderhook Woodcraft (video: How to Make a Dust Mask out of a Tee Shirt (no sew))
- Maker Mask (3 different types of face mask patterns)
- Missouri Quilt Company (video tutorial for pleated face mask with elastics or ties)
- My Mask DIY (vertical seam face mask pattern, she also sells DIY mask making kits in Hong Kong)
- New York Times (pleated face mask with ties or shoelaces)
- North Memorial Health (vertical seam face mask with elastics)
- Olsen Mask Pattern (vertical seam face mask with hair elastics, in 2 sizes)
- The Organised Craft Den (vertical seam face mask with ties)
- Popular Science (pleated face mask from a non-woven polypropylene (NWPP) reusable grocery shopping bag)
- Sarah Maker (pleated face mask pattern with elastics, printable tutorial and video)
- Sew Face Masks Philly (3 types of face mask patterns: Todaro Philly Face Mask (pleated), RCoA Face Mask (vertical seam) and Leah Day Face Mask (pleated))
- Sew It Online (printable tutorial and pattern, vertical seam face mask)
- Sewstine (video: I sewed and tested 4 different face masks)
- Sweet Red Poppy (tutorials for 4 types of face masks: pleated with elastics/bias tape ties and vertical seam with elastics/ties / multiple videos)
- Tiana’s Closet (pleated face mask with elastics pattern)
- Trend Patterns (face mask with darts, binding and elastic)
- University of Florida Department of Anesthesiology (pleated face mask and funnel-shaped face mask tutorial and pattern using HALYARD H600 medical fabric)
- University of Hong Kong/Shenzhen Hospital (video: no sew face mask using kitchen paper towels and basic supplies)
- University of Minnesota – Shannon Williamson (tutorial and printable pattern for vertical seam face mask with ties and filter pocket)
- USA Today (pleated face mask with elastics, pattern)
- Washington Post (face mask with darts, tutorial and pattern)
Back of head straps (to prevent pain at the back of ears from elastic)
- Quinn/Scouts Canada – Back of head strap Plastic piece (for more comfort) – 3D printer pattern on Thingiverse
- Thingiverse/Gramcz – Face mask holder/Clip 3D pattern
- Thingiverse/Namadori – Face mask holder buckle Coronavirus covid 3D pattern
- Ikea Bevara – bag clips
Articles about Fabrics and Filter Materials
- NBC News – Making your own face mask? Some fabrics work better than others, study finds
- Smart Air Filters – What are the best materials for DIY Masks? Fantastic research and article. Must read!
- Smart Air Filters – Using Paper Towels as a face mask filter?
Face shields/visors
- Pedro Alves de Veiga – Simple Face shield using a paper sheet protector
Websites with Patterns/Videos with Tutorials – PPE/Scrubs (Scrub caps, Scrub tops, Scrub pants)
- 2Sew by Brenda Wood (scrub caps patterns)
- Doodabug (bouffant/chef’s style scrubs cap pattern)
- Etsy – PDF Patterns Boutique (Scrub top and pants paid patterns)
- Instructables – WildCat03 (DIY surgical scrub cap pattern)
- Kadiddlehopper (reversible scrub cap tutorial and pattern with SVG files)
- Larissa Fontenot (Scrub Caps patterns for long hair, short hair – website, video, paid patterns on Etsy Scrubcappatternprint)
- Linda Nguyen’s Scrub cap pattern (with room for long hair/ponytail)
- Man Sewing by Rob Appell (scrub cap video tutorial / pattern)
- So Sew Easy (unisex scrubs pants pattern)
Commercial Patterns
- Butterick 4946 Unisex scrubs, Dress, Belt, Top, Skirt, Pants, Hat & Ponytail Holder
-
Kwik Sew Pattern K2807 Scrubs
-
McCall’s Pattern M6107 Teens’ Lab Coat Dress Top Pull-On Pants Hats & Tie Belt
- New Look Pattern 6876 Unisex Scrubs
- Simplicity Pattern 1020
- Simplicity Pattern 5443 Unisex Scrubs
Websites (information for sewing volunteers, about donating, collecting, etc)
- Democratic Underground discussion forum about face mask making
- JustServe Covid-19 considerations (USA)
- Masks For All
- Masks for Mates
- Rona Scrubs (Australia)
- Sew the curve flat
- Vanderbilt University Medical Centre (USA)
Other Articles
Josh Silverman (Etsy CEO) says 20,000 shops are now selling face masks
Hashtags
- #masks4all
- #millionmaskchallenge
- #isewlation